These include using CO 2 in concrete or plastic materials or converting it into biomass – for example, by feeding CO 2 to algae, which are then harvested and processed into biofuel for transport. Other forms of CO 2 utilisation are still under investigation. The most well-established form of CO 2 utilisation is enhanced oil recovery (EOR), where CO 2 is injected into oil and gas reservoirs to increase their extraction. This is commonly known as carbon capture storage and utilisation (CCSU). CO 2 can then be pumped underground, usually at depths of 1km or more, to be stored into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coalbeds or deep saline aquifers, where the geology is suitable.ĬO 2 could also be used to produce commercially marketable products. Once the CO 2 has been captured, it is compressed into liquid state and transported by pipeline, ship or road tanker. Pre-combustion methods require large modifications to existing plans to be retrofitted, and are therefore more suitable to new built. ![]() Post-combustion and oxyfuel equipment can be fitted to new plants or retrofitted – in other words, added to existing power stations that were originally built without it. Oxyfuel technology produces CO 2 and steam by burning fossil fuels with almost pure oxygen. Pre-combustion methods – carried out before burning the fossil fuel – involve converting the fuel into a mixture of hydrogen and CO 2. Post-combustion technology removes CO 2 from the flue gases that result from burning fossil fuels. The main ones are: post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxyfuel. ![]() ![]() The technology can capture up to 90% of CO 2 released by burning fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes such as cement production.ĬO 2 can be captured using different methods. What is carbon capture and storage and how does it work?Ĭarbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO 2) before it is released into the atmosphere.
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